References

Finnish education system. Ministry of Education and Culture. 

National core curriculum for general upper secondary education intended for young people. 2020. Regulations and guidelines 2019:2c. Finnish National Agency for Education.  

The Matriculation Examination is a national examination based on the syllabus of the Finnish upper secondary school. The Finnish Matriculation Board. 

Upper secondary school. Education. Living in Finland. 

Vipunen - Education Statistics Finland (General secondary education and Vocational education and training)

Finnish education. National Board of Education. 

Further reading

General upper secondary education:

Finnish National Agency for Education. Curriculum for general upper secondary schools in a nutshell. 

Mäkipää, T. & Ouakrim-Soivio. (2019). Perceptions of Finnish Upper Secondary School Students of the Assessment Practices of Their Teachers. The Journal of Teaching and Learning 13 (2), 23-42. 

Pollari, Pirjo (2016). Daunting, reliable, important or “trivial nitpicking?” Upper secondary students’ expectations and experiences of the English test in the Matriculation Examination. In A. Huhta & R. Hildén (eds.). Kielitaidon arviointitutkimus 2000-luvun Suomessa. AFinLA-e. Soveltavan kielitieteen tutkimuksia 9, pages 184–211. 

Vocational education and training:

Haltia, N., Isopahkala-Bouret, U., & Jauhiainen, A. (2021). The vocational route to higher education in Finland: Students’ backgrounds, choices, and study experiences. European Education Research Journal, 1-18. 

Laukia, J. (2017). Fron shadows to brightness – the development of vocational education in Finland. In Vocational education with a Finnish touch. Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, pages 8-22. 

Laukia, J., Isacsson, A. & Juutilainen, P-K (eds.). (2017). Vocational education with a Finnish touch. Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki.